final

There is no Task 1 included in the write up. It is only Task 2

Can this be rectified as i need to submit the assignment by wed

“The commensal gut microorganisms: can they be pathogenic?” The intestine is populated by a large variety of microorganisms that colonize the host soon after birth. The gut microflora contributes to several intestinal functions; its composition varies along the different segments of the gut, with a gradient from the stomach to the colon where it is more abundant. Given the vital relationship between the microflora and the intestinal function, it is important that the normal microflora is kept continuously under control so to preserve gut homeostasis. When this is not achieved or perturbed, several immune disorders can arise, like allergies or inflammation. Protracted immune deregulations can also lead to severe disorders including diabetes, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. It is therefore crucial that the immune system learns both to tolerate and to control the growth of beneficial microorganisms so to preserve the intestinal homeostasis. Currently, capacity of the normally non-pathogenic enteric bacteria to induce an inflammatory response is under debate. Recent studies provide strong evidence that flagellin released by flagellated commensal bacteria in the intestinal lumen can induce a pro-inflammatory response in enterocytes in vivo. Discuss on how the microflora interacts with the host and how deregulation of this interaction can lead to inflammatory disorders and eventually also to cancer. (Refer: 1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 8;279(41):42984-92. 2. Curr Drug Targets. 2008 May;9(5):395-403. & relevant recent literatures)