Constant-Growth Dividend Discount Model
Constant-Growth Dividend Discount Model
You will be marked based on the following categories (equal weighting for each): Data (inclusion and accuracy), Sources (provided and clear), Calculations (properly done), Documentation (formulas and sample calculations provided for the calculations), and Presentation
For this section, you will use the constant-growth dividend discount model to estimate your company’s expected rate of return. You will assume that the company is attempting to achieve a constant growth rate with its dividends and calculate that growth rate. The growth rate plus the expected dividend yield will give the expected rate of return.
Historical Growth:
Data Required:
- Quarterly dividends per share paid by your company (in Canadian Dollars) for the period May 1, 2017 to April 30, 2022. Use the ex-dividend date (2 business days before the record date) as the date of the dividend. The date provided by Yahoo Finance is the ex-dividend date.
- A good source is the company’s website although the reported dividends may not have been adjusted for splits, so you will have to make the adjustment.
- Another good source is Yahoo Finance Canada (https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/) but it sometimes misses dividends, double lists dividends, or records them incorrectly, so it is best to verify by checking the company’s website.
- Only the regular quarterly dividends should be included. Do not include any extra or special dividends.
- The April 30, 2022 closing stock price for your company.
- This can be found on Yahoo Finance Canada (https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/), the Toronto Stock Exchange (https://www.tsx.com), or many other financial websites
Calculations:
- Calculate the annual dividends that your company paid. Sum the four quarterly dividends paid between May of one year and April of the next year for each of the 5 years of data you have collected.
- In some cases the company may have changed its dividend payment dates so that you may get a year with 5 dividends and/or a year with 3 dividends. You may need to make an adjustment so that you are always working with 4 dividends (i.e., move April up to May, or May back to April).
- Some companies may have paid extra dividends. This will appear either as an added dividend payment or as an extra-large dividend that has been lumped with the regular dividend. If it looks like this has happened with your company you will need to check the appropriate annual report to determine if it was an extra or special dividend, in which case you should not include it in your calculations (but do still show it in your data and make a note that it was an extra dividend).
- Make sure your data have been adjusted for splits. If you see the dividends have suddenly dropped by a large amount, it is likely that there has been a split and you will need to make an adjustment (for example, if there was a 2-for-1 split, you will need to divide all the dividends prior to the split by 2).
- Calculate the annual growth rates of the dividends (i.e., the percentage change in annual dividends from one year to the next).
- Calculate the average of your 4 annual growth rates. This is your value for g.
- Estimate the total dividends that will be paid between May of this year and April of next year, assuming that the firm maintains its current average annual growth rate.
- Calculate the firm’s expected rate of return using your calculated expected dividend, growth rate, and the unadjusted price for April 30 of this year.
Sustainable Growth:
Again, you will use the constant-growth dividend discount model to estimate your company’s expected rate of return. This time, however, you will estimate the growth rate by calculating the sustainable growth rate.
Data Required:
- Most recently available financial statement information: Book Value of Equity (BE), Net Income (NI), Earnings per Share (use Diluted EPS Excluding Extraordinary Items), and Dividend per Share (Note that these last three must be from an annual income statement. You are collecting dividend per share again to make sure that it matches the time period used for the EPS).
- These can be found at Yahoo Finance Canada (https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/), the Toronto Stock Exchange (http://www.tmxmoney.com/en/index.html), SEDAR (www.sedar.com), or on the company’s website.
- The April 30, 2022 closing stock price for your company.
Calculations:
- Estimate the return on equity and the plowback ratio using the financial statement data you have collected.
- Estimate the sustainable growth rate using the return on equity and the plowback ratio.
- Estimate the total dividends that will be paid between May of this year and April of next year, assuming that dividends grow at the sustainable growth rate. Use your previously calculated dividend for May 2021 to April 2022 from the Historical Growth section as your base.
- Calculate the firm’s expected rate of return using your calculated expected dividend, sustainable growth rate, and the unadjusted price for April 30 of this year.
Report the data and results for these two sets of calculations on the DDM Template (or you can create your own). Make sure you include sources for your data and show the formulas you used (using variable names) as well as the calculations (using your numbers). You will have to convert your document to Portable Document Format (PDF) before you submit it to PEAR. This ensures that everyone will be able to access and read it. Make sure you check your file after the conversion – the conversion has the same effect as printing the document and the results are not always what you expect. You may find that you have to go back and adjust your formatting. It is your responsibility to make sure that you have properly uploaded the correct file to PEAR.
