Pharmacology

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Discussion Topic Task: Answer questions associated with a through e, please. Thank you. S., age 8 years, is brought to the emergency department by her mother. S.’s mother states that S. has a 3-year history of allergy-induced asthma. S. is in acute distress; her respiratory rate is 38 breaths/min, and the nurse notes sternal and intercostal contractions. S.’s mother tells the nurse that S. has received nebulizer treatments at home and has taken several “hits” from the rescue inhaler with little relief. What type of medication does the nurse expect S. will receive initially? By which route will the medication be administered? b.The patient is being discharged to home with a prescription for a new inhaler with a spacer. The nurse asks the mother if S. has been using an inhaler with a spacer, and the mother replies that S. has not. What will the nurse teach the mother about the benefits of using a spacer? c. J.B. is a 62-year-old man who works at a local hospital. While he is visiting with his neighbor, who is a nurse, J.B. mentions that he is having trouble urinating. He states that he has difficulty starting his urine stream, has to urinate often during the day, and “even has to get up three times a night” to urinate. The nurse suggests that J.B. see his family physician. After seeing his provider, J.B. seeks out the nurse to talk about the diagnosis. What does the nurse suspect is causing J.B.’s urination problems? The physician prescribed tamsulosin (Flomax) for J.B. How does tamsulosin help treat enlargement of the prostate? d. The patient is being seen by a neuromuscular physician. In the past 4 months, the patient has had numerous blood tests and radiographs performed, with no diagnosis assigned and no improvement in symptoms. The patient is complaining of muscle weakness, easy fatigability, and difficulty chewing. The physician notes that the patient’s left eyelid is drooping. The physician believes that he has reached the correct diagnosis. To confirm the diagnosis, the physician plans to administer edrophonium (Tensilon) and expects the patient to respond with increased muscle strength. What type of medication is edrophonium, and how would this medication provide a diagnosis for the physician? e. The nurse is caring for a patient who was admitted to the hospital for plastic surgery to repair a facial scar. During the admission process, the patient interrupts the nursing history with the need to go to the “ladies room.” Upon further questioning, the nurse learns that the patient also wakes frequently at night to go to the bathroom. The patient states, “I just feel so discouraged. I have almost stopped going out because I have to go to the bathroom so often.” The patient continues, “I know that there are drugs such as Vesicare that will help, but I am fearful that they will interact with my other medical conditions.” What concurrent health problems, if present, would suggest to the nurse that this patient could not take cholinergic-blocking drugs for managemeagnnt of overactive bladder (OAB)?