collection, analysis, and reporting of narrative data

QuaNtitative (collection, analysis, and reporting of numerical data)
Measurable data (how many; how much; or how often) used to formulate facts, uncover patterns in
research, and generalize results from a larger sample population; provides observed effects of a
program, problem, or condition, measured precisely, rather than through researcher interpretation of
data. Common methods are surveys, face-to-face structured interviews, observations, and reviews of
records or documents. Statistical tests are used in data analysis.
Go to Section I: QuaNtitative
☐QuaLitative (collection, analysis, and reporting of narrative data)
Rich narrative documents are used for uncovering themes; describes a problem or condition from the
point of view of those experiencing it. Common methods are focus groups, individual interviews
(unstructured or semi structured), and participation/observations. Sample sizes are small and are
determined when data saturation is achieved. Data saturation is reached when the researcher identifies
that no new themes emerge and redundancy is occurring. Synthesis is used in data analysis. Often a
starting point for studies when little research exists; may use results to design empirical studies. The
researcher describes, analyzes, and interprets reports, descriptions, and observations from participants.
Go to Section II: QuaLitative
☐Mixed methods (results reported both numerically and narratively)
Both quaNtitative and quaLitative methods are used in the study design. Using both approaches, in
combination, provides a better understanding of research problems than using either approach alone.
Sample sizes vary based on methods used. Data collection involves collecting and analyzing both
quaNtitative and quaLitative data in a single study or series of studies. Interpretation is continual and
can influence stages in the research process.
Go to Section III: Mixed MethodsJohns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice
Appendix E
Research Evidence Appraisal Tool
© 2017 The Johns Hopkins Hospital/ Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
2
Section I: QuaNtitative
Level of Evidence (Study Design)
Is this a report of a single research study? ☐ Yes ☐ No
Go to B
1. Was there manipulation of an independent variable? ☐ Yes ☐ No
2. Was there a control group? ☐ Yes ☐ No
3. Were study participants randomly assigned to the intervention
and control groups? ☐ Yes ☐ No
If Yes to questions 1, 2, and 3, this is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or
experimental study.
LEVEL I
If Yes to questions 1 and 2 and No to question 3 or Yes to question 1 and
No to questions 2 and 3, this is quasi-experimental.
(Some degree of investigator control, some manipulation of an independent variable,
lacks random assignment to groups, and may have a control group).
LEVEL II
If No to questions 1, 2, and 3, this is nonexperimental.
(No manipulation of independent variable; can be descriptive, comparative, or
correlational; often uses secondary data).
LEVEL III
Study Findings That Help Answer the EBP Question:
Enter Text Here
Skip to the Appraisal of QuaNtitative Research Studies section
AJohns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice
Appendix E
Research Evidence Appraisal Tool
© 2017 The Johns Hopkins Hospital/ Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
3
Section I: QuaNtitative (continued)
Is this a summary of multiple sources of research
evidenc