Role of multidetector computed tomography in assessing anatomical site variations of appendix in patients of appendicitis

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The elements of a research proposal are highlighted below: 1. Title: It should be concise and descriiptive. It must be informative and catchy. An effective title not only prick’s the readers interest, but also predisposes him/her favorably towards the proposal. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables.1 The title may need to be revised after completion of writing of the protocol to reflect more closely the sense of the study.3 2. Abstract: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the main research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any) and the method. Descriiptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used.1 It should stand on its own, and not refer the reader to points in the project descriiption.3 3. Introduction: The introduction provides the readers with the background information. Its purpose is to establish a framework for the research, so that readers can understand how it relates to other research.4 It should answer the question of why the research needs to be done and what will be its relevance. It puts the proposal in context.3 The introduction typically begins with a statement of the research problem in precise and clear terms.1 The importance of the statement of the research problem5: The statement of the problem is the essential basis for the construction of a research proposal (research objectives, hypotheses, methodology, work plan and budget etc). It is an integral part of selecting a research topic. It will guide and put into sharper focus the research design being considered for solving the problem. It allows the investigator to describe the problem systematically, to reflect on its importance, its priority in the country and region and to point out why the proposed research on the problem should be undertaken. It also facilitates peer review of the research proposal by the funding agencies. Then it is necessary to provide the context and set the stage for the research question in such a way as to show its necessity and importance.1 This step is necessary for the investigators to familiarize themselves with existing knowledge about the research problem and to find out whether or not others have investigated the same or similar problems. This step is accomplished by a thorough and critical review of the literature and by personal communication with experts.5 It helps further understanding of the problem proposed for research and may lead to refining the statement of the problem, to identify the study variables and conceptualize their relationships, and in formulation and selection of a research hypothesis.5 It ensures that you are not “re-inventing the wheel” and demonstrates your understanding of the research problem. It gives due credit to those who have laid the groundwork for your proposed research.1 In a proposal, the literature review is generally brief and to the point. The literature selected should be pertinent and relevant.6 Against this background, you then present the rationale of the proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing. 4. Objectives: Research objectives are the goals to be achieved by conducting the research.5 They may be stated as ‘general’ and ‘specific’.